Questions on Kant: Space, Time, Categories

1. What does Kant mean by saying that the transcendental aesthetic is concerned with the two pure forms of sensible intuition, space and time?

2. How is such a "transcendental" exposition different from the "transcendent" accounts provided by "mathematical" students of nature, on the one hand, and "metaphysical" students of nature on the other?

3 What does it mean to say that the world that appears to us is empirically real and transcendentally ideal?

4. How does Kant's remark, "thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind," highlight the different (though complementary) functions of the senses and the understanding?

5. How are the concepts of the understanding (categories) transcendentally deduced from the twelve kinds of judgments we make?

6. What does Kant mean by defining the self as the transcendental (synthetic) unity of apperception, and why does he do it?

7. How is this notion of the self different from what he later calls the "wholly contingent" empirical unity of consciousness?

8. Why is the synthetic unity of consciousness an objective condition of all knowledge, including justified or valid knowledge of the laws of nature?