1. For Spinoza, how is understanding the nature of substance linked to ethics by means of a proper understanding of freedom?
2. Why must this substance necessarily exist (i.e., "exist solely from its own nature")? And why must it be infinite?
3. Why is a clear and distinct idea of substance also a true idea?
4. What is an attribute? Why can't two substances have the same attribute?
5.Why can there be only one substance (God)? And why can't one substance cause another?
6. Why is it the case that "that which is finite, and has a conditioned existence, cannot be produced by the absolute nature of any attribute of God"?
7. How is the distinction between natura naturans and natura naturata connected to Spinoza's points that God is a free cause and nothing in the universe is contingent?
8. Why can't the will of an individual (even the will of God) be free?