Author
Vaid, Jyotsna.
Chapter Title
The evolution of humor: Do those who laugh last?
Source
Rosen, David H. (Ed); Luebbert, Michael C. (Ed); et al. (1999). Evolution of the psyche. Human evolution, behavior, and intelligence. (pp. 123-138). Westport, CT, USA: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. xvi, 227 pp.
Abstract
(from the introduction) Explores the nature and functional significance of humor in relationship to its presumed survival value. In a review of the extant literature, four distinct hypotheses regarding the adaptive significance of humor, are critiqued. As a disabling mechanism, humor is said to appear to display a survival value by interfering with habitual, schema-based reasoning that, if unmodified, might lead to disastrous results. Viewed as a source of social stimulation, humor can be seen as providing exposure to fitness-enhancing scenarios in a nonserious context, facilitating the attainment of invaluable survival skills. Humor is also thought to promote survival by enabling the individual to manipulate his or her status within a group, thereby ensuring access to resources necessary for reproductive success. Lastly, the development of language in general and humor specifically have been viewed as a vocal extension of physical grooming that promotes social bonding.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna.
Title
Cultural vs biomechanical influences on a graphic production task.
Source
Brain & Cognition. Vol 37(1), Jun 1998, 75-78.
Abstract
Sixteen right-handed normal readers of Arabic performed a speeded dot production task with each hand under right-to-left vs left-to-right movement conditions. Cultural influences (i.e., writing direction) were expected to result in a right-to-left movement advantage on this task; biomechanical factors (i.e., faster execution of movements directed away from vs toward the body) were expected to result in a hand by direction crossover interaction. The results support a joint influence of cultural and motoric factors inasmuch as a right to left directional advantage was indeed obtained, especially under left hand performance conditions; right hand performance showed no directional advantage. The results suggest that movements directed away from the body are executed faster than those directed toward the body, except when such movement patterns conflict with normal writing direction.

Author
Ward, Thomas B. Smith, Steven M. Vaid, Jyotsna.
Chapter Title
Conceptual structures and processes in creative thought.
Source
Ward, Thomas B. (Ed); Smith, Steven M. (Ed); et al. (1997). Creative thought: An investigation of conceptual structures and processes. (pp. 1-27). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychological Association. xv, 567 pp.
Abstract
(from the chapter) articulate the dual case that a complete account of human cognition requires an explication of the ways in which cognition is generative and that a complete account of creativity requires an understanding of the basic cognitive processes from which it emerges the cognitive revolution and the ubiquity of generative thought / creative cognition / conceptual structures and processes / conceptual combination / conceptual expansion / metaphor / analogy and mental models / knowledge: its nature and role in creative functioning

Author
Ward, Thomas B. (Ed). Smith, Steven M. (Ed). Vaid, Jyotsna (Ed).
Title Creative thought: An investigation of conceptual structures and processes.
Source
Washington, DC, USA: American Psychological Association. 1997, xv, 567.
Abstract
(from the jacket) Where do people get new ideas? How are they inspired to make new discoveries? How is old knowledge mapped onto novel situations, and how are old, mistaken ways of thinking replaced by innovative perspectives? "Creative Thought" examines these questions in light of new research on the nature of creativity, with an emphasis on its generative aspects--that is, on how old concepts are used to generate new ideas. This is a unique focus, since most works on creativity have emphasized its receptive aspects. (from the preface) As in most other areas of cognitive psychology, research on concepts and categories has provided a wealth of information about the more receptive aspects of cognition (e.g., how people classify category instances) but has been less systematic in assessing the more generative aspects (e.g., how people use their concepts to develop something new). Here, the contributors to this volume focus on the latter with the hope of stimulating additional work on the important topic.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Park, Kwonsaeng.
Title
Hemispheric asymmetries in reading Korean: Task matters.
Source
Brain & Language. Vol 58(1), Jun 1997, 115-124.
Abstract
Native Korean readers (16 college students) were studied in a visual half-field paradigm. Ss were to make speeded judgments on Hangul (syllabic) and Hanzza (logographic) scripts based on phonetic or visual properties of the stimuli. A task by visual field interaction was obtained indicating that, for both scripts, responses on the phonetic task were faster in the right visual field, whereas no visual field differences were found on the visual task. Script type did not interact with visual field. Results support a task-based account of hemispheric differences in verbal processing.

Author
Stoddard, Jaimie. Vaid, Jyotsna.
Title
Asymmetries in intermanual transfer of maze learning in right- and left-handed adults.
Source
Neuropsychologia. Vol 34(6), Jun 1996, 605-608.
Abstract
Replicated the study by J. Ward et al (1989) to examine patterns of intermanual transfer of learning as a function of maze orientation, handedness and initial hand use. 48 right- and 48 left-handed college students were blind-folded and trained to move their index finger through a maze, using their right hand. They were asked to repeat the task with the left hand later. Maze orientation at transfer was either identical, left-right or top-bottom reversed. In both handedness groups, right-hand acquisition enhanced opposite hand performance on an identical and a vertically reversed maze at transfer, relative to a mirror-reversed maze. Left-hand acquisition enhanced opposite hand transfer on the spatially reversed mazes, relative to the identical maze. Results replicate the findings of Ward et al regarding verbal vs motoric strategies in maze learning, but not of an overall left-hander advantage in mirror-maze performance.

Author
Park, Kwonsaeng. Vaid, Jyotsna.
Chapter Title
Lexical representation of script variation: Evidence from Korean biscriptals.
Source
Taylor, Insup (Ed); Olson, David R. (Ed); et al. (1995). Scripts and literacy: Reading and learning to read alphabets, syllabaries and characters. Neuropsychology and cognition, Vol. 7. (pp. 327-339). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. vii, 388 pp.
Abstract
(from the chapter) do different writing systems [Hangul vs Hanzza] entail different forms of information processing in reading / what are the effects of script variations on the processes involved in reading: do they simply constrain peripheral perceptual processes or do they challenge central cognitive processes also / how do script variations affect the organization of lexical representation / explore whether script information is represented in the mental lexicon / [Ss were Korean graduate students studying in the US]

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna.
Chapter Title
Script directionality affects nonlinguistic performance: Evidence from Hindi and Urdu.
Source
Taylor, Insup (Ed); Olson, David R. (Ed); et al. (1995). Scripts and literacy: Reading and learning to read alphabets, syllabaries and characters. Neuropsychology and cognition, Vol. 7. (pp. 295-310). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. vii, 388 pp.
Abstract
(from the introduction) examines the effect of reading directionality [habits], left to right vs right to left, by comparing the reading of Hindi and Urdu words and sentences (from the chapter) present data from 2 groups--Hindi and Urdu readers / the 1st study compared the performance of Hindi, Urdu and Arabic readers on a nonlinguistic production task (figure drawing), and the 2nd compared these readers on a nonlinguistic perception task (facial affect judgment) that has been used as a measure of right hemisphere involvement / brief overview of the historical and structural properties of Hindi and Urdu [is provided] / [S groups were male & female adults and 9-13 yr old female Hindi and Urdu readers]

Author
Frenck-Mestre, Cheryl. Vaid, Jyotsna.
Title
Activation of number facts in bilinguals.
Source
Memory & Cognition. Vol 21(6), Nov 1993, 809-818.
Abstract
Two experiments examined how mental arithmetic was affected by the presentation format of numbers-digits vs word format in the 1st and 2nd languages of 30 bilingual university students. Speed of number-fact retrieval and the presence of interference produced by numbers that were either numerically close to or associatively related to the correct answers of stored arithmetic problems were compared across formats. The verification of true problems was increasingly slower and less accurate from the digit condition to the 2nd-language condition. Interference was produced by both types of incorrect answers in the digit and 1st-language conditions, but in the 2nd-language condition, it was constrained to answers that were numerically close to correct answers. Results suggest that the retrieval of arithmetic facts and the automatic spreading of activation within the network of numerical facts were language- and format-sensitive.

Author
Frenck-Mestre, Cheryl. Vaid, Jyotsna.
Chapter Title
Language as a factor in the identification of ordinary words and number words.
Source
Harris, Richard Jackson (Ed); et al. (1992). Cognitive processing in bilinguals. Advances in psychology, 83. (pp. 265-281). Amsterdam, Netherlands: North-Holland. x, 592 pp.
Abstract
(from the chapter) [presents] experiments that directly compared the processing of number words and ordinary words of the lexicon / we tested the hypothesis that the language of presentation of a word is less salient a feature when the word is a number word than when it is a non number-related word, with the underlying more general hypothesis that language per se may be less important to the lexical organization of the former than the latter type of word Subjects for both experiments were bilingual university students.

Author
Corina, David P. Vaid, Jyotsna. Bellugi, Ursula.
Title
The linguistic basis of left hemisphere specialization.
Source
Science. Vol 255(5049), Mar 1992, 1258-1260.
Abstract
Exp 1 examined whether sign language would show a similar pattern of left hemisphere specialization as that expected for spoken language in native users of American Sign Language (ASL). Ss were 16 hearing signers (mean age 35 yrs). Ss shadowed (repeated) a list of common ASL signs and English words presented on videotape and audiotape, respectively. Exp 2 examined the relative patterns of lateralization of speech, arbitrary gestures, and symbolic gestures. 48 hearing users of English (mean age 22 yrs) with no knowledge of ASL were tested on a concurrent activities procedure involving the shadowing of speech and manual gestures. Exp 3 examined whether a dissociation would be observed in lateralization patterns for sign (i.e., linguistic) and nonlinguistic gestures in 12 deaf native signers (mean age 33 yrs). Results indicate left hemisphere specialization of sign and spoken language in deaf and hearing persons skilled in these languages.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Frenck-Mestre, Cheryl A.
Title
Incidental memory for format of presentation of number stimuli: Evidence from monolinguals and bilinguals.
Source
Brain & Cognition. Vol 17(2), Nov 1991, 272-284.
Abstract
Are numerical stimuli represented in an abstract code or is information about surface format preserved in memory? Three experiments bearing on this issue are reported. All used an incidental recall procedure. Two experiments (n = 48 and 30 undergraduates) examined memory for numeral vs word format in monolinguals, and the third (n = 40 college-aged Ss) examined memory for words in the 1st vs 2nd language of Spanish-English bilinguals. Across all studies, memory for format of number presentation was above chance and was as high as 76% under certain conditions. Implications for number representation are discussed.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Pandit, Rama.
Title
Sentence interpretation in normal and aphasic Hindi speakers.
Source
Brain & Language. Vol 41(2), Aug 1991, 250-274.
Abstract
Examined the relative ranking of 3 cues to agenthood (word order, noun animacy, and subject-verb agreement). 57 female normal Hindi-dominant speakers (aged 15-27 yrs) showed that animacy is the strongest cue in this language, while agreement is the weakest. 48 female 12th-grade Hindi-English bilinguals were tested in both languages. Most showed the normal animacy-dominant monolingual pattern in Hindi, with a mixture of strategies from both languages in interpretation of English. Two male Hindi-English bilinguals (aged 39-71 yrs) with Broca's aphasia were tested in both languages. Use of animacy in sentence interpretation by these aphasic patients reflected preservation of normal, language-specific processing strategies; it could be interpreted as a nonlinguistic strategy developed to compensate for receptive agrammatism.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Hall, D. Geoffrey.
Chapter Title
Neuropsychological perspectives on bilingualism: Right, left, and center.
Source
Reynolds, Allan G. (Ed); et al. (1991). Bilingualism, multiculturalism, and second language learning: The McGill Conference in Honour of Wallace E. Lambert. (pp. 81-112). Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. xix, 261 pp.
Abstract
(from the chapter) in the vast majority of right-handed adults and to a lesser extent in left-handers, the left cerebral hemisphere is dominant for language functioning / the question we would like to consider in this chapter is whether this pattern of cerebral lateralization for language differs in users of more than one language [bilinguals] / provide a historical/theoretical context for this body of work by identifying three separate lines of inquiry that motivated research on language lateralization in bilinguals because our intent here is simply to describe the intellectual "Zeitgeist" that may have led researchers to examine the neuropsychology of bilingualism in the way they did, our discussion of these areas is neither comprehensive nor evaluative / our discussion of the bilingual lateralization literature . . . is evaluative and based on a comprehensive meta-analytic assessment of five hypotheses pertaining to lateralization in bilinguals or second language learners

Author
Green, Adele. Nicholson, Nancy S. Vaid, Jyotsna. White, Nancy. et al.
Title
Hemispheric involvement in shadowing vs. interpretation: A time-sharing study of simultaneous interpreters with matched bilingual and monolingual controls.
Source
Brain & Language. Vol 39(1), Jul 1990, 107-133.
Abstract
Evaluated lateralization in 16 professional interpreters individually matched to 16 bilingual and monolingual controls using shadowing and interpretation/paraphrasing tasks in a time-sharing study. A 2-step multivariate general linear model procedure was used to determine lateralized effects and extent of disruption produced by the tasks. Results revealed the monolingual group was left lateralized for both tasks, but the two bilingual groups were lateralized in the left hemisphere only for shadowing. The monolingual group was significantly different from the bilingual groups in the pattern of hand asymmetry for interpretation/paraphrasing. Findings reveal a consistent pattern of lateralized differences in monolinguals and bilinguals.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Singh, Maharaj.
Title
Asymmetries in the perception of facial affect: Is there an influence of reading habits?
Source
Neuropsychologia. Vol 27(10), 1989, 1277-1287.
Abstract
Compared perceptions of happy facial affect from asymmetric composite faces presented in free vision to left-to-right readers (Hindi), right-to-left readers (Arabic), left-to-right and right-to-left readers (Hindi/Urdu), and illiterates (Hindi/Urdu). 131 right-handed and 31 left-handed adult users of Hindi and Urdu were studied. A left hemifield preference was present only in the left-to-right group, and there were no reliable differences between right- and left-handers. The leftward bias was present in a significantly larger proportion of Hindi and Urdu or Arabic readers. The possibility of an interaction between a cerebral laterality effect and a directional scanning effect in facial affect judgment is discussed.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Stiles-Davis, Joan.
Title
Mirror writing: An advantage for the left-handed?
Source
Brain & Language. Vol 37(4), Nov 1989, 616-627.
Abstract
Tested the claim that left-handers are better than right-handers at writing in a mirror script by comparing the mirror writing ability of 68 normal right- and left-handed college students as a function of hand used and hand use order. Results do not support the notion of a left-hander superiority in mirror writing since, in 2 experiments, right-handed individuals were found to be as good as left-handers. Instead, evidence was obtained for an order effect such that in both experiments, mirror writing was faster in those who started the task with their right hand.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Bellugi, Ursula. Poizner, Howard.
Title
Hand dominance for signing: Clues to brain lateralization of language.
Source
Neuropsychologia. Vol 27(7), 1989, 949-960.
Abstract
Exp 1 examined number of signs made by 8 strongly right-handed vs 8 strongly left-handed adult deaf signers with either hand in a specified time limit. More signs were produced with the preferred than with the nonpreferred hand. In Exp 2, studying hand dominance for signing connected text, the preferred hand in both groups of Exp 1 Ss made more unmotivated than motivated hand intrusions. In Exp 3, a strongly right-handed 81-yr-old male deaf signer who experienced left hemisphere damage and retained excellent use of both hands demonstrated an unusual pattern of hand use, suggesting more direct right hemisphere involvement in his postmorbid signing.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Corina, David.
Title
Visual field asymmetries in numerical size comparisons of digits, words, and signs.
Source
Brain & Language. Vol 36(1), Jan 1989, 117-126.
Abstract
Examined visual field asymmetries in 24 American Sign Language (ASL)-English bilinguals (aged 20-39 yrs) for speeded numerical size judgments of pairs of digits, number words, and number signs. Physical size of the number pairs was either congruent or incongruent with their numerical size. Results reveal a greater left visual field (LVF) interference for numbers represented as digits and a greater right visual field (RVF) interference for numbers represented as words or signs. Ss' performance on number words and signs was also influenced by their skill in English and ASL: Interference was greater in the RVF in the Ss' better language but was greater in the LVF for the less skilled language. Findings suggest that lateralization of numerical size judgments is moderated by the mode of number presentation and by prior language experience.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna.
Title
Bilingual memory representation: A further test of dual coding theory.
Source
Canadian Journal of Psychology. Vol 42(1), Mar 1988, 84-90.
Abstract
Compared incidental recall for words coded as synonyms, translations, and copies in 28 Spanish-English, early and late onset bilingual undergraduates. 24 English-monolingual undergraduates recalled in draw, synonym, and copy conditions. Words in the synonym condition were recalled more than copied words by both groups of Ss, and bilingual Ss recalled imaged and translated words more often than synonyms. No differences were found between early and late onset bilinguals across words. It is argued that a dual coding view offers an explanation for these findings.

Author
Bellugi, Ursula. Sabo, Helene. Vaid, Jyotsna.
Chapter Title
Spatial deficits in children with Williams Syndrome.
Source
Stiles-Davis, Joan (Ed); Kritchevsky, Mark (Ed); et al. (1988). Spatial cognition: Brain bases and development. (pp. 273-298). Hillsdale, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. xv, 459 pp.
Abstract
(from the chapter) describe the severe spatial cognitive deficit exhibited by these children, [of Williams Syndrome] and some aspects of the uneven neuropsychological profile which they exhibit particular pattern of spatial cognitive abilities, but spared linguistic functions exhibited by these children will be examined examine the brain basis of this unusual behavioral profile through studies of brain function and structure studies should illuminate brain organization for language and spatial cognitive functions using evidence from a rare metabolic disorder as a model cognitive functioning in Williams Syndrome children domain-specific spatial deficit focused on . . . the apparent dissociations between some visuospatial and visuoperceptual functioning

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna.
Title
Visual field asymmetries for rhyme and syntactic category judgments in monolinguals and fluent early and late bilinguals.
Source
Brain & Language. Vol 30(2), Mar 1987, 263-277.
Abstract
Examined the nature of task- and group-related differences in brain lateralization in fluent bilinguals and monolinguals. A tachistoscopic study was conducted to investigate hemispheric specialization among 48 monolingual and fluent French-English bilingual adults (mean ages 22.8-25.4 yrs) for speeded rhyme and syntactic category matching. A right visual field superiority for both types of verbal judgments was more pronounced in late bilinguals than in early bilinguals or monolinguals. Bilingual subgroup differences in response latency and strategy were found, suggesting a preference for semantic processing among early bilinguals and for surface processing among late bilinguals.

Author
Bates, Elizabeth. O'Connell, Barbara. Vaid, Jyotsna. Sledge, Paul. et al.
Title
Language and hand preference in early development.
Source
Developmental Neuropsychology. Vol 2(1), 1986, 1-15.
Abstract
In a longitudinal study of language development in 27 children at 13, 20, and 28 mo, unimanual and bimanual hand preferences were studied in videotapes. Both unimanual and bimanual actions on objects were divided into symbolic and nonsymbolic. A separate count was made of communicative pointing gestures. Ss showed a marked right-hand bias across categories, which did not differ as a function of age, sex, or manual type. Preference for the right hand was stronger for symbolic than for nonsymbolic movements in both unimanual and bimanual activity. At 13 and 28 mo, there was a significantly greater right-hand bias in pointing than in any other manual activity. Total right-hand bias at 13 mo was significantly correlated with analytic/receptive aspects of language development. At 20 mo, there was a significant nonlinear relationship between nonsymbolic hand movements and language.

Author
Green, Adele. Vaid, Jyotsna.
Title
Methodological issues in the use of the concurrent activities paradigm.
Source
Brain & Cognition. Vol 5(4), Oct 1986, 465-476.
Abstract
Presents a critical analysis of one type of dual-task procedure for assessing behavioral asymmetries in brain function, the lateralized concurrent activities paradigm. Extrinsic factors (handedness, sex, age, and language experience) and intrinsic factors (allocation of attention, counterbalancing procedures, and sensitivity of the apparatus) that may influence the interpretation of results obtained with this paradigm are isolated, and methodological refinements in experimental design and analysis are suggested.

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna.
Title
Numerical size comparisons in a phonologically transparent script.
Source
Perception & Psychophysics. Vol 37(6), Jun 1985, 592-595.
Abstract
When native readers of English judge which of 2 numbers is larger in value, their responses are influenced by the numbers' physical size. Interference occurs for digit and word modes of presentation when numerical and physical size cues conflict. The present study examined numerical size comparisons for digits and for words written in a syllabic script (Hindi) and in an alphabetic script (English). Ss were 10 23-35 yr old Indians studying at a US university. Significant interference was observed for digits and for English words only. The lack of interference for Hindi number words is discussed in terms of a greater reliance on phonological recoding in phonologically transparent scripts. Findings imply that, in addition to comparisons between ideographic and alphabetic scripts, differences in processing between alphabetic and syllabic scripts need also to be considered. (16 ref)

Author
Obler, Loraine K. Zatorre, Robert J. Galloway, Linda. Vaid, Jyotsna.
Title
Cerebral lateralization in bilinguals: Methodological issues.
Source
Brain & Language. Vol 15(1), Jan 1982, 40-54.
Abstract
The literature on lateralization for language in bilinguals manifests 2 apparent contradictions. Some papers demonstrate differences in lateralization between bilinguals and monolinguals; others demonstrate none. In studies with exclusively bilingual Ss, some demonstrate differences between the lateralization for the 2 languages, while others demonstrate none. The present paper discusses the range of methodological parameters that must be considered when conducting or evaluating studies of lateralization for language in bilinguals. These include issues of S selection, language and stimulus selection, testing procedures, data analysis, and interpretation of results. (56 ref)

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Genesee, Fred.
Title
Neuropsychological approaches to bilingualism: A critical review.
Source
Canadian Journal of Psychology. Vol 34(4), Dec 1980, 417-445.
Abstract
Evidence from case studies of polyglot aphasics suggests that the neuropsychological organization of their languages is the same for most bilinguals but that cases of dissociation do occur. Two main factors--language specific and language acquisitional--that might account for dissociation are defined and empirical evidence relevant to each is considered. It is argued that while clinical case studies of bilinguals suffering language disruption following brain damage have been significant in isolating these factors, they have failed to establish their explanatory power because of inadequate data bases and weak hypothesis-testing procedures. A review of the experimental studies provides preliminary evidence that such factors may influence the pattern of hemispheric involvement in the language processing of bilinguals. The variables of age, stage, and manner of 2nd language acquisition are discussed, and a theoretical framework integrating the available evidence is proposed. (French summary) (105 ref)

Author
Vaid, Jyotsna. Lambert, Wallace E.
Title
Differential cerebral involvement in the cognitive functioning of bilinguals.
Source
Brain & Language. Vol 8(1), Jul 1979, 92-110.
Abstract
Cognitive processing strategies of 48 French-English bilinguals (mean age, 21.1 yrs) were studied by means of an auditory Stroop test designed to evaluate cerebral hemispheric involvement. An early bilingual group was bilingual before the age of 5, and a late bilingual group was bilingual after the age of 10. Ss, including 16 unilingual controls, completed the Embedded Figures Test (Form A). In the experiment, stimuli were words uttered in pitches that were related to word meanings either congruently (as in the word "high" uttered in a high pitch) or incongruently (the word "haute" uttered in a low pitch). In one condition, Ss were to differentiate low from high pitches, disregarding meaning, while in another condition, they were to disregard pitch and respond to word meanings. Results suggest that male early bilinguals--the most field-independent subgroup--processed meaning efficiently in both cerebral hemispheres, but processed pitch better in the right hemisphere. However, male late bilinguals and female bilinguals, both early and late, processed meaning more rapidly in the right cerebral hemisphere and pitch equally rapidly in both hemispheres. Findings reflect hemisphere-based strategy and sex differences in information-processing by the 2 bilingual groups. (89 ref)

Author
Singh, C., Vaid, J. Sakhuja, T.
Title
Reading/writing vs handedness influences on line length estimation.
Source
Brain and Cognition. Vol 43(1-3), Jun-Aug 2000 398-402.
Abstract
Left- and right-handed school children with differing reading/writing experiences (unidirectional left-to-right vs bidirectional) were asked to draw 3-cm lines from right to left and from left to right with each hand. With either hand, lines drawn from left to right were more accurate than those drawn from right to left, particularly for right-handed left-to-right users: bidirectional readers showed no directional bias. Moreover, bidirectional readers were more accurate than unidirectional readers. The findings support a greater influence of directional scanning effects than handedness on the task of line length estimation.

Author
Vaid, J.
Title
Lateralization of counting skills in bilinguals: A dual task approach.
Abstract
Spanish-English bilinguals counted two digit numbers aloud by threes in each language while rapidly tapping with their right or left index finger. Bilinguals who were more proficient in English showed a greater right than left hand tapping interference, especially while counting in English. Those who were equally proficient in the two languages showed no lannguage- or hand- related tapping asymmetry. These results support a view of equivalent and possibly bilateral hemispheric activation in more proficient bilinguals.