Questions on Leibniz: Monadology & Letters to Clarke

1. How can monads be "windowless" simple substances that "involve and represent a plurality within a unity" and still be said to engage in states of perception?

2. What are perceptions that are not "apperceived"? and what does it mean to say that changes of perceptions or affections are internal actions due to appetition?

3. What is the difference between truths of reason and truths of fact?

4. How are monads distinguished from one another "by the degrees of their distinct perceptions"?

5. What does Leibniz mean by saying that each monad is the entelechy of (and thus represents more distinctly) the body particularly affected by it?

6. How can all bodies be in perpetual flux and still have dominant entelechies or souls?

7. How are minds (vs. ordinary souls) "capable of entering into a kind of society with God"?

8. How does Leibniz define space and time in purely relational terms?