Steve Smith's Metacognition Publications

Smith, S.M., Brown, J.M., & Balfour, S.P. (1991). TOTimals: A controlled experimental method for observing tip-of-the-tongue states. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 29 (5), 445-447.

Smith, S.M. (1994). Frustrated feelings of imminence: On the tip-of-the-tongue. In J. Metcalfe & A. Shimamura (Eds.) Metacognition: Knowing about knowing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, p. 27-45.

Smith, S.M., Balfour, S.P., & Brown, J.M. (1994). Effects of practice on TOT states. Memory, 2, 47-53.

Widner, R.L. Jr., & Smith, S.M. (1996). Feeling-of-knowing judgments from the subject's perspective. American Journal of Psychology, 109, pp 373-387.

Widner, R.L. Jr., Smith, S.M., & Graziano, W. (1996). Effects of demand characteristics on feeling-of-knowing and tip-of-the-tongue reports. American Journal of Psychology, 525-538.

Schwartz, B.L. & Smith, S.M. (1997). The retrieval of related information influences tip-of-the-tongue states. Journal of Memory & Language, 36, 68-86.

Schwartz, B., Travis, D., Castro, A., & Smith, S. (2000). The phenomenology of real and illusory tip-of-the-tongue states. Memory and Cognition, 28, 18-27.

Pierce, B.H., & Smith, S.M. (2001). The postdiction superiority effect in metacomprehension of text. Memory & Cognition.