Constant-Time Updateable Operations for Implicit Shape Modeling

Interactive demonstrations accompanying the 1999 work of Ergun Akleman and Jianer Chen

This site collects compact interactive examples built around the implicit shape-modeling operations introduced in our 1999 paper. The same basic operations are used in increasingly general constructions—from convex half-space models to simple polygons, set differences, and sampled B-spline curves. The goal is to make the behavior of the representations visible and interactive rather than to repeat the mathematics of the paper.

Paper: Akleman, Ergun, and Jianer Chen. "Constant time updateable operations for implicit shape modeling." In Proceedings of implicit surfaces, vol. 99, pp. 73-80. 1999.   Read the paper (PDF)

Properties emphasized by these demonstrations

Associativity and algebraic structureThe operations are designed for hierarchical implicit modeling. Associativity is particularly important because a model with many primitives should not change merely because the same operands are grouped differently.
Interactive updatesThe constructions support direct exploration of geometry and parameters through editable polygons, control points, Boolean constructions, and continuously updated implicit fields.
Exact and approximate operationsThe demonstrations include the exact and approximate Akleman–Chen operations alongside MIN/MAX and a Rvachev formulation, allowing their functional behavior to be examined on the same geometry.

The examples are intentionally compact. Together they reveal advantages and limitations of the different constructions without turning this page into a formal comparison. Our more recent Hölder–Minkowski work extends the approximate-operation direction and will be presented on a separate site.

Interactive applications

Convex and Star Polygons

Explore convex polygons and star polygons derived from the same oriented half-spaces.

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Unions of Convex Polygons

Build more complex regions as unions of multiple convex components.

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Set Difference of Convex Unions

Combine additive and subtractive convex components to construct holes and related shapes.

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Simple Polygons: Static Monotone Formula

Draw a simple polygon, compute its monotone Boolean representation, then explore the functional operations.

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Simple Polygons: Dynamic Monotone Formula

Edit a general simple polygon while its monotone representation and implicit field are recomputed continuously.

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Set Difference of Simple Polygons

Use two dynamically represented simple polygons, A and B, to explore implicit set difference.

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Closed B-Spline Curves

Sample a closed B-spline and use the resulting polygonal monotone representation as an implicit model.

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Open B-Spline Curves

Represent an open curve by a thin offset polygon with controllable thickness and smoothed normals.

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A suggested progression

Begin with convex and star polygons, then explore unions and set differences of convex components. The monotone-formula examples extend the construction to general simple polygons. The B-spline examples show how the same framework can be applied to sampled parametric curves, including both closed and open curves.